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EFR
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Service Station
Location: Atlanta, Georgia
EcoVac Services was contacted by a state trust fund contractor to initiate EFR® on an emergency response basis. High levels of gasoline vapors were detected in a sanitary sewer line near downtown Atlanta and approximately two city blocks were partially evacuated (including a nursing home) as a precautionary measure. EFR® was implemented at seven monitor wells, which resulted in the gasoline vapors being completely removed from the sanitary sewer within hours. Consequently, the 24-hour police and fire department surveillance was discontinued. Approximately 2,700 equivalent gallons of gasoline were recovered during the initial 47 hours of EFR® at a cost of approximately $17,173. A calculated total of 8,997 equivalent gallons of gasoline was removed from the site.
Client: Trucking Company
Type of Facility: Former Trucking Facility
Location: Jackson, Mississippi
Approximately 5,670 equivalent gallons of diesel fuel were removed during a single 8-hour EFR® event. Approximately 22,869 equivalent gallons of diesel fuel were removed by EFR®, which was implemented at a cost of $48,152 (including a significant cost for disposal), or $2.11 per removed gallon of diesel fuel. A surfactant was introduced into the subsurface several months prior to the initial EFR® event, which appears to have dramatically enhanced the diesel fuel recovery.
Client: Major Oil Company
Type of Facility: Refinery
Location: Puerto Rico
EcoVac Services was retained to conduct a feasibility study to assess the efficacy of free product removal by EFR®. This site is under U.S. EPA administrative order. Pilot testing was conducted at various locations throughout the refinery. The site did not appear to be an ideal candidate for EFR®due to a shallow water table and the lack of impervious surface cover. Offgas concentrations > 100,000 PPMv were prevalent during most of the pilot test period and >9,200 pounds of VOCs were removed over a 54-hour pilot testing period. On the basis of the feasibility study results, the client purchased a vacuum truck and an internal combustion engine (to treat offgas vapors) to implement EFR® as a corrective action measure at this site. Initial results indicate that product is being removed at a cost of approximately $0.96/gallon. EFR® has removed over 404,600 equivalent gallons of SPH.
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Snack Food Manufacturing Facility
Location: Gentry, Arkansas
A single 8-hour EFR® event was conducted at a site where diesel fuel had persisted in three monitor wells at thicknesses of 0.07 to 0.20 feet. SPH was removed and absent from the site one year after extraction, which was conducted at a cost of $3,560. Site closure was obtained for the site.
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Service Station
Location: Dublin, Georgia
Two EFR® events removed a small measurable amount of SPH (0.05 feet in two wells) at a cost of $5,813.
Client: National Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Service Station (Major Oil Company)
Location: Stone Mountain, Georgia
EcoVac Services was contacted regarding a significant subsurface release of gasoline. EcoVac Services arrived at the site within three hours and initially performed EFR® for a 30-hour period. Greater than 2,200 equivalent gallons of gasoline were recovered during this 30-hour period. EcoVac Services mobilized to the site four additional times during the following week and recovered an additional 3,900 equivalent gallons of gasoline.
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Service Station Sites
Location: Marietta, Holly Springs and Conyers, Georgia
Eight 8-hour EFR® events were conducted at three active gas stations during a six week period. SPH, ranging in thickness from 0.17 to 3.31 feet was present in five monitor wells at the three sites. SPH was no longer present at any of the three sites following these EFR® events. The total cost of EFR® at the three sites was $24,323.
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Service Station
Location: Knoxville, Tennessee
EcoVac Services was contacted to address an “emergency response” action, which was prompted by the threat of a third party lawsuit. EcoVac personnel mobilized to the site the same evening and conducted EFR® at three existing wells for a period of ten hours. Sampling was conducted 30 days later and dissolved-phase concentrations were reduced as much as 99%. Consequently, “monitoring only” status was requested since dissolved-phase concentrations were well below the site specific standard established for the site. Total cost for EFR® (inclusive of disposal) was only $3,916.
Client: Passenger Bus Line Company
Type of Facility: Former Terminal
Location: Charleston, South Carolina
A former bus line terminal in the historic district of Charleston, South Carolina was slated for development as a high-rise hotel. Four EFR® events (36 hours of extraction) were conducted at the site which had shallow groundwater conditions (<5 feet below surface) and as much as 0.63 feet of diesel fuel in two monitor wells. SPH was completely removed following the four EFR® events, which was confirmed by a subsequent subsurface investigation (conducted by the purchaser), as well as verified during foundation excavation at the site. A no further action (NFA) letter was issued. The total EFR® cost was $15,113.
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Carpet Mill
Location: Lafayette, Georgia
Diesel fuel, ranging in thickness from a sheen to 0.04 feet existed in three monitor wells under shallow water table conditions (i.e. 5 to 10 feet below surface). Five 8-hour EFR® events were conducted at a cost of $15,713 (including disposal). SPH was removed and benzene concentrations were reduced to 10 ppb in one well and <5 ppb in the remaining site monitor wells.
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Service Station
Location: Memphis, Tennessee
Two EFR® events were performed at a site where an active groundwater “pump and treat” system had been operating for a period of years. Not only were the two events successful in removing SPH (as much as 0.08 feet), EFR® also significantly reduced benzene concentrations to <70 ppb and TPH-GRO concentrations from >100,000 ppb prior to EFR® to “closure monitoring” levels of <1,000 ppb. The client did not think that these closure limits were achievable at this site with any technology, given the challenging hydrogeologic conditions at the site. The client has since requested “monitoring only” and discontinued operation of the remediation system. Total cost for EFR® was only $5,074.
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Service Station
Location: Jackson, Tennessee
EcoVac Services teamed with a small environmental consulting firm to reduce dissolved-phase petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations at a former auto repair shop/service station from greater than 20 ppm to below “monitoring only” criteria (i.e. <1 ppm). Two EFR® events were combined with oxygen release compounds (ORC) to achieve “monitoring only” criteria. The cost to implement EFR® was $7,208.
Client: Major Oil Company
Type of Facility: Service Station
Location: Memphis, Tennessee
Over 10 feet of SPH was discovered in a downgradient monitor well located at an active service station site. SPH was absent after four EFR® events were performed within 45 days at an approximate cost of $10,000.
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Apartment Complex
Location: Washington, D.C.
A single EFR® event was conducted at a former fuel oil UST site where SPH was unsuccessfully removed by prior remedial efforts. The site was widely known within the environmental community as a result of the prior remedial failure. The site posed particular logistical challenges, such as performing EFR® on multiple levels of a parking garage. Offgas vapor treatment was implemented and SPH was removed from all four monitor wells following a single nine-hour EFR® event.
Client: Major Oil Company
Type of Facility: Former Service Station
Location: Fort Valley, Georgia
EcoVac Services was retained to conduct two EFR® events at a former UST site where a small amount of SPH existed. After two EFR® events not only was the SPH removed, but the dissolved phase concentrations were significantly reduced, to the extent that site closure was requested by the client. A total of approximately $5,000 was expended for EFR®.
Client: National Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Service Stations
Location: Chattanooga, Tennessee
Separate-phase kerosene and degraded gasoline existed at two different active gasoline stations owned by a major oil company. Although only 0.20 to 0.25 feet of product existed at the site, the low mobility of the kerosene and degraded gasoline posed a challenge. Fourteen 8-hour EFR® events were conducted at the sites at a cost of $39,153. SPH was successfully removed from both sites.
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Petroleum Bulk Storage Facility
Location: Bainbridge, Georgia
Dissolved-phase petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations existed in a UST tankfield where free product is believed to have previously existed. A total of 12 monitor wells were utilized as extraction wells during a single eight-hour EFR® event to reduce dissolved-phase hydrocarbons. Dissolved-phase hydrocarbons were removed following the single event at a cost of $3,441. The site subsequently received closure.
Client: Major Oil Company
Type of Facility: Former Service Station
Location: Battle Creek, Michigan
A single EFR® event was conducted at a closed service station site where two monitor wells contained 0.37 to 0.45 feet of product, respectively. Approximately 213 equivalent gallons of gasoline were removed and SPH was not present during subsequent gauging events. The cost to implement EFR® was $2,456, including product and groundwater disposal.
Client: Major Oil Company
Type of Facility: Service Station
Location: Waynesville, North Carolina
A single 8-hour EFR® event was conducted at an active service station site as an emergency response action. Approximately 2,000 gallons of unleaded gasoline was released during an overfill/overspill. Approximately 1,000 gallons were removed prior to implementation of EFR®. EFR® activities removed approximately 998 equivalent gallons of gasoline at a total cost of $3,272, inclusive of the cost to dispose of product and groundwater.
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Convenience Store
Location: Acworth, Georgia
A “pump and treat” system was previously installed at this site at a total cost of >$200,000, which reportedly recovered approximately 200 gallons of gasoline. Over three feet of SPH persisted onsite and >1.5 feet of SPH existed offsite (across a highway) near a creek. Five 8-hour EFR® events, utilizing offgas treatment, removed approximately 203 gallons of gasoline at a cost of $14,822. SPH was reduced to 0.06 feet in the on-site well (three EFR® events) and to 0.19 feet in the offsite well (two EFR® events).
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Active Service Station
Location: Columbia, South Carolina
Two EFR® events were conducted at a dissolved phase site, achieving “monitoring only” status after a cost of only $6,540. The dissolved phase benzene concentrations in the downgradient wells were reduced from 30 to 100 ppb to nondetectable levels. EFR® was conducted at the site after 11 p.m. to minimize interruption to facility operations.
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Service Station (Independent Oil Company)
Location: Summerville, South Carolina
EcoVac Services was contacted to perform “emergency response” activities prompted by a 1,000-gallon gasoline release. SPH thicknesses up to 0.50 feet were measured in three tankfield monitor wells. A 25-hour EFR® event was conducted at a total cost of $7,860 and removed over 700 equivalent gallons of gasoline. SPH was not detected during the following month and a second EFR® event was performed one month later to reduce dissolved-phase petroleum hydrocarbons.
Client: Independent Oil Company
Type of Facility: Petroleum UST Site
Location: Ft. Wayne, Indiana
SPH existed in one recovery well and two tank field observation wells at thicknesses up to 0.60 feet. Four 6-hour EFR® events were conducted at a cost of less than $10,000. SPH was not detected at the site one year following the final EFR® event.
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Service Station
Location: Brookhaven, Mississippi
A fixed remediation system had been installed at an active convenience store and had recovered only approximately 100 gallons of product over a 36-month period. SPH remained in four monitor and recovery wells. An additional $200,000 was expended on the system in capital, installation, and operation/maintenance costs. EFR® then removed 60 equivalent gallons of SPH during a 6.5-hour event at a cost of approximately $3,500.
Client: National Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Service Station
Location: Charlotte, North Carolina
SPH existed in a single monitor well (0.50 feet), which was screened in a sandy to clayey silt surficial aquifer. SPH was absent after two 8-hour EFR® events which were conducted at a cost of $6,326.
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Service Station
Location: Bristol, Tennessee
A small amount of SPH (0.01 feet of gasoline) existed at a convenience store. EFR® was conducted at two monitor wells during a single 8-hour EFR® event (approximate cost of $3,200). TPH-GRO concentrations were reduced from ~20 ppm to <10 ppm.
Client: Independent Oil Company
Type of Facility: Service Station
Location: Hopkinsville, Kentucky
SPH, present in five monitor wells at a maximum thickness of 1.7 feet, was absent following three 8 hour EFR® events at a cost of $8,415. A fourth EFR® event was subsequently conducted to further reduce dissolved phase concentrations.
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Car Rental Facility
Location: Alcoa, Tennessee
A small amount of SPH (0.16 feet) existing in a single monitor well was removed after a single 8-hour EFR® event at a cost of $2,778. Two additional EFR® events were conducted to reduce dissolved phase concentrations. The client is initiated risk assessment modeling to take the site to “monitoring only” status.
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Cemetery (former UST site)
Location: Memphis, Tennessee
A single monitor well at a cemetery/funeral home property previously contained SPH. Two 8-hour EFR® events were conducted at a cost of $4,900. SPH remained absent and benzene concentrations were reduced to 15 ppb. TPH concentrations were reduced from 431to 5.9 ppm. Based upon the success of EFR at the site, a site specific standard was sought by the client to allow the site to transition to "monitoring only".
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Truck Stop
Location: Commerce, Georgia
A pump and treat/soil vapor extraction system was implemented at the site, which was unsuccessful in completely removing as much as >1.0 feet of SPH from three monitor wells. SPH was no longer detected after three EFR® events at a cost of $7,961.
Client: Major Oil Company
Type of Facility: Service Station
Location: Memphis, Tennessee
As much as 0.53 feet of SPH was detected in two monitor wells at a closed service station. SPH was absent following the second EFR® event. A total of $11,350 was expended for these two EFR® events, inclusive of recovered fluids disposal.
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Service Station
Location: Atlanta, Georgia
EFR® was implemented at a state trust fund site with as much as two feet of SPH in fourteen monitor wells. Approximately 5,257 equivalent gallons of gasoline were recovered during 16 EFR® events at a cost of $49,680 (i.e. ~$9.50 per equivalent gallon).
Client: Major Oil Company
Type of Facility: Service Station
Location: Columbus, Georgia
SPH had persisted at two service station sites in south Georgia for a long period of time. The objective at the sites was to remove free product (as much as 0.25 to 0.55 feet was present), as well as to reduce dissolved-phase petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations, in an effort to move the site towards risk based closure. Measurable SPH was removed from both sites after a total of six EFR® events at a total cost of approximately $17,172 for both sites.
Client: Major Oil Company
Type of Facility: Service Station
Location: Birmingham, Alabama
EFR® was implemented as an “emergency response” at an active service station site due to nuisance gasoline odors present in an adjacent fast food restaurant. EcoVac Services mobilized to the site the day following the initial contact by the client, inclusive of negotiating a first time contract with this major oil company. The site conditions did not qualify it as an ideal candidate due to a shallow water table (one to six feet below ground surface), known manmade subsurface conduits, and a land surface partially lacking an impervious cover. Nearly 2,000 pounds of petroleum hydrocarbons (an estimated 310 equivalent gallons of gasoline) were recovered during the initial 8-hour EFR® event and EcoVac Services personnel were successful in determining that a breach in a sanitary sewer line that serviced the restaurant was the conduit for the nuisance odors. The amount of SPH was significantly reduced after the initial EFR® event in terms of the SPH thickness and number of wells which contained SPH. A second EFR® event was performed ten days later, after which an interim (fixed) remediation system was installed.
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Casino/Restaurant (Former Service Station)
Location: Latta, South Carolina
Over two feet of SPH existed at a former UST site, which had been converted to a gambling facility. Despite shallow groundwater conditions (2.5 to 6 feet below surface), SPH was completely removed following a single 8-hour EFR® event at a cost of only $3,495.
Client: Major Oil Company
Type of Facility: Service Station
Location: Memphis, Tennessee
Two EFR® events were conducted at a former service station site to address a sheen of SPH and dissolved-phase petroleum hydrocarbons, at a cost of $5,750. The sheen was removed and TPH?GRO/DRO and benzene concentrations were reduced by a minimum of 50% to as much as nondetect (ND) levels.
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Truck Stop
Location: Sweetwater, Tennessee
A groundwater “pump and treat” system operated at a site for over three years and pumped over 1,200,000 gallons of groundwater. Approximately 6 and 23 equivalent gallons of benzene and TPH-GRO, respectively, were removed during this three-year period. A sheen of SPH still existed at the site. A single 8-hour EFR® event was conducted at the site at a cost of $2,863, during which approximately 33 equivalent gallons of gasoline were removed. The client reported a >90% reduction in TPH-GRO concentrations (i.e. 25-30 ppm to 2 ppm) and benzene concentrations (i.e. 2,000-3,000 ppb to ~200 ppb).
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Service Station Site
Location: Little Rock, Arkansas
A single 8-hour EFR® event was conducted at a UST site that historically contained about two inches of SPH. SPH was removed after the single event, at a cost of less than $3,500 and the site was expected to be “closed” after going to a site specific (dissolved phase) standard.
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Army National Guard Facility
Location: Greeneville, Tennessee
Over 1.5 feet of diesel fuel was no longer present in a monitor well following four 8-hour EFR® extraction events, conducted at a cost of $12,690.
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Trucking Facility
Location: Nashville, Tennessee
Two 8-hour EFR® events successfully removed 0.25 feet of SPH in a single monitor well. A third extraction event was successful in reducing dissolved-phase concentrations and the site went into “monitoring only” phase. Total cost for EFR® was $10,115.
Client: Independent Oil Company
Type of Facility: Service Station
Location: Richmond, Indiana
Seven EFR® events were performed at a site containing as much as 0.75 feet of SPH in two wells, after which free product was removed from the site. The cost of the cleanup was $23,905.
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Service Station
Location: Memphis, Tennessee
Eleven 8-hour EFR® events were conducted at an active gasoline station during a three-year period. SPH initially existed in six monitor wells at thicknesses as much as 2.5 feet. SPH was removed from the monitor wells at this site following nine EFR® events. Total cost for EFR® was $23,911.
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Electrical Contractor
Location: Memphis, Tennessee
Groundwater existed at a depth of 75 feet below surface at a site where 0.34 feet of SPH existed. SPH was removed from the site during two 8-hour events conducted at an approximate cost of $4,800. The site went to a site specific standard and “monitoring only”.
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Service Station
Location: Memphis, Tennessee
EcoVac Services conducted two EFR® events at an active retail gasoline dispensing facility during a three-month period. SPH was reduced from a sheen to >1 foot in six monitor wells to a sheen in only two monitor wells.
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Service Station
Location: Chattanooga, Tennessee
The EFR® process was suggested by state regulators to be implemented at an active service station. A maximum of 0.20 feet of SPH existed in six monitor wells at this site. Four 8-hour EFR® events removed SPH at the site at a cost of $12,532.
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Building Supply
Location: Memphis, Tennessee
Five EFR® events were conducted during a two-year period, which successfully removed minor amounts of gasoline/diesel fuel from three monitor wells. TPH concentrations were reduced from 350 ppm to 57 ppm in the primary extraction well. A site specific (dissolved phase) standard was sought by the client to transition the site into “monitoring only” status.
Client: Environmental Consulting Firm
Type of Facility: Service Station
Location: Jackson, Tennessee
SPH (0.25 feet) was removed after a single EFR® event. Over 120 equivalent gallons of gasoline were removed and vacuum influence in excess of 10 inches of water and groundwater drawdown of 0.35 feet were recorded over 80 feet away from the extraction. Total cleanup cost was $2,921.
Client: Major Oil Company
Type of Facility: Service Station
Location: Memphis, Tennessee
EFR® was implemented at an active service station where SPH existed across the site at thicknesses up to 1.9 feet. EFR® was conducted at night to minimize interruption to customer fueling and service bay operations. Approximately 500 equivalent gallons of gasoline were removed during four EFR® events conducted over 14 months. SPH was not present prior to the fifth EFR® event. $13,400 was expended for these EFR® events.
Client: Major Oil Company
Type of Facility: Service Station
Location: &